RPM

List of past RPMs — 2020

Jan 07, 2020

Hanna Herde (Brandeis U.) “Measuring the Mass of the Higgs Boson in the Four-Lepton Final State with the ATLAS Detector”

Abstract:
The Higgs boson mass determines its couplings to every other known particle – and it is a free parameter of the Standard Model of Particle Physics. Understanding the Higgs’ connections with the rest of the universe requires measuring its mass experimentally. This talk presents the mass measurement in the four-lepton final state with the ATLAS detector using the full LHC Run 2 proton-proton dataset of 139 \fb at \sqrt{s}=13 TeV. It will particularly emphasize the role of the detector and include a look at ATLAS future in the High Luminosity era – the Phase II Inner Tracker upgrade.

Jan 09, 2020

Zhi Zheng (U. Michigan) “Physics with the same-sign dilepton and multilepton events”

Abstract:

Despite of the discovery of a Higgs-like particle in 2012, there are still many unanswered questions. Studying events with the same-sign dilepton and multilepton (SSML) may help to gain insight into those questions. In this presentation, I will give an overview of physics and challenges related to the analyses of SSML events, focusing on the three analyses I worked on, namely, search for beyond standard model physics, studies of ttH and ttW production and search for four-top production with the ATLAS detector.

Jan 14, 2020

Marjon Moulai (MIT) “Unstable Sterile Neutrinos in IceCube and Beyond

Abstract:

Long-standing anomalies in short-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments suggest the existence of a new particle: the sterile neutrino. Unlike other neutrinos, sterile neutrinos do not interact via the weak nuclear force. Global fits to experimental data find a significant preference for a 3+1 sterile neutrino model, which introduces a fourth, heavier mass eigenstate, over the Standard Model with three massive neutrinos. However, disagreement between the preferred parameter regions in the appearance and disappearance datasets suggest that something beyond the 3+1 model is needed. In this talk, I will address this problem in two ways: the first is a new, unique search for sterile neutrinos, and the second is an unstable sterile neutrino model. IceCube, a gigaton ice-Cherenkov detector, is uniquely sensitive to a signature of sterile neutrinos that occurs for neutrinos traversing the earth at TeV energies. I will present the new 3+1 sterile neutrino search result from IceCube using eight years of data. Then I will discuss a sterile neutrino model involving neutrino decay. I will present: the phenomenology of this model in the case of IceCube; the result of incorporating IceCube data into recent global fits; and finally, the status of an eight-year search for unstable sterile neutrinos in IceCube.

Jan 16, 2020

Daniel Joseph Antrim (UCI) “It Takes Two to Lambda: A New Dilepton Channel for the Search for Higgs Boson Pairs and a Pair of New Small Wheels for the Upgrade of the ATLAS Detector at CERN”

Abstract:

The rich program of study opened up by the discovery of a 125 GeV boson in 2012 so far leads us to consider this particle to be the Higgs boson as predicted by the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics, the particle famously responsible for providing elementary particles their masses. To be sure that this is the case, the last-remaining fundamental parameter of the SM — the Higgs self-coupling parameter, “\lambda” — will have to be measured and checked for consistency with SM-prediction. In the SM, the parameter \lambda gives structure to the Higgs vacuum and is therefore fundamental to our understanding of electroweak physics and symmetry breaking that is paramount to our understanding of the Universe. Measurement of \lambda at the LHC will proceed via the study of ultra-rare pp collision events in which Higgs boson pairs (HH) are produced. If the LHC is to have a chance at making meaningful statements about \lambda, all avenues of study of HH must be sought out. In this talk I will therefore discuss a promising brand new channel in the search for Higgs boson pairs that I have developed and introduced over the past several years using the ATLAS detector at CERN. Additionally, with the foreseen increases in pp collision intensities over the next decades, the ATLAS detector will have to be upgraded if the physics program is to remain successful. This is especially true if we wish to have any hope of observing HH events. With this in mind, I will also touch upon my involvement in the on-going upgrade of the forward muon system of the ATLAS detector, the so-called “New Small Wheel” (NSW) Upgrade, which comprises an upgrade of over 60% of ATLAS’ muon spectrometer coverage as well as being the largest on-going upgrade of any of the LHC experiments.

Jan 21, 2020

Damian Goeldi (Carleton U) “Enhancing the Physics Reach of the DUNE far Detector”

Abstract:

DUNE is a planned long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment measuring ? disappearance and e appearance in an accelerator ? beam (arXiv:1601.05471). Its primary goals are measuring CP violation in the lepton sector, determining the ordering of the three neutrino masses, and precision tests of the three-flavour neutrino oscillation paradigm. Furthermore, DUNE aims to investigate proton decay, and the neutrino flux from the core-collapse of a potential supernova within our galaxy. Finally, it has recently been proposed (DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.131803) that an upgraded far detector design could enable DUNE to shed light on the current 2 discrepancy between reactor and solar neutrino oscillation measurements. Liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs) were chosen as primary detectors for the DUNE near and far detector complexes due to their excellent tracking and calorimetry performance. The far detector complex will consist of four multi-kt detectors, whose baseline design is of semi-monolithic nature (arXiv:1807.10327), segmenting each module along the drift axis into multiple TPCs. In contrast a near detector LAr component needs to be fully segmented due to the high event rates present there. This motivated the development of ArgonCube, a fully modular TPC concept, alleviating high-voltage requirements, reducing optical pile-up, and providing ambiguity-free tracking and calorimetry by means of a pixelated charge readout. While near detector development is well on track, we have recently made the case for an ArgonCube far detector design (arXiv:1908.10956). Full segmentation would alleviate high-voltage requirements drastically. Combined with the pixelated charge readout eliminating bulky wire frames, the sensitive volume could be increased significantly. A pixelated charge readout providing true 3D tracking free from ambiguity would simplify event reconstruction. Reconstruction efficiency would no longer depend on the incident angle of an interaction, enhancing sensitivity to isotropic events, such as proton decay, solar, and supernova neutrinos. This talk will first introduce the ArgonCube concept, and show how it addresses the DUNE near detector challenges. I will then focus on the potential of an ArgonCube far detector to enhance DUNEs capabilities in regards to its secondary physics goals, as well as the changes required compared to the near detector design.

Jan 22, 2020

Special RPM | Gregor Kasieczka (Hamburg U) “Faster, Deeper, Stronger: Machines Learn Particle Physics

Abstract:

Many experimental results from both particle and astrophysics hint that the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics cannot be a complete theory of Nature. However, in its first years of operation, the Large Hadron Collider at CERN was very successful in excluding large regions of parameter space for potential models beyond the SM. We present how deep learning can be used to search for deviations from the SM in a model independent way. Beyond searching for new physics, we explore ways to increase the robustness and understanding of network decisions and show how generative models can speed up simulations.

Jan 23, 2020

Michal Zamkovsky (CERN) “New result on K+??+vv ? from the NA62 experiment”

ABSTRACT:

The decay K+??+vv ?, with a very precisely predicted branching ratio of less than 10exp(-10), is one of the best candidates to reveal indirect effects of new physics at the highest mass scales. The NA62 experiment at the CERN SPS is designed to measure the branching ratio of the K+??+vv ? with a decay-in-flight technique. NA62 took data so far in 2016-2018. Statistics collected in 2016 allowed NA62 to reach the Standard Model sensitivity for K+??+vv ?, entering the domain of 10-10 single event sensitivity and showing the proof of principle of the experiment. Thanks to the statistics collected in 2017, NA62 surpasses the present best sensitivity. The analysis strategy is reviewed and the preliminary result from the 2017 data set is presented.

Jan 28, 2020

Vivek Singh (LBNL) “New results for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay search in 130Te with CUORE “

Abstract:

The CUORE experiment with a detector array comprising 988 cube-shaped radiopure ^natTeO₂ crystals is the worlds largest and most sensitive low temperature calorimetric search for neutrinoless double beta (0???) in ¹³⁰Te. We completed the construction of the experiment in August 2016 and started science data taking in Spring 2017. Since our first results from Fall 2017, we have quadrupled our exposure and have bettered the sensitivity for the $0\nu\beta\beta$ search using analysis improvements. In this talk, I will delve into the data taking campaign, analysis techniques, and discuss the recent physics results from the full CUORE datasets accumulated over the last two years.

Jan 30, 2020

Huilin Qu (UCSB) “Search for the Higgs Boson Decaying to Charm Quarks with the CMS Experiment”

Abstract:

After the discovery of the Higgs boson at the LHC, thoroughly studying the properties of the Higgs boson has become one of the top priorities of the LHC physics program. Measurement of the decay of the Higgs boson to charm quarks provides a direct probe of the Higgs coupling to second-generation quarks, therefore it is crucial for understanding the structure of Yukawa couplings. However, such a measurement is extremely challenging at the LHC due to large backgrounds. Recently, a search for the Higgs boson decaying to charm quarks has been performed in the CMS experiment. Novel approaches and advanced machine learning-based techniques for the Higgs boson reconstruction and charm quark identification are adopted in this analysis, leading to significantly improved results compared to previous experimental searches.

Feb 04, 2020

Matthew Solt (Stanford U) “The Heavy Photon Search Experiment

Abstract:

The Heavy Photon Search (HPS) experiment is a fixed target experiment at Jefferson Lab searching for a new dark-force mediator called a heavy photon (or dark photon or A). A heavy photon is a hypothetical U(1) vector boson that couples to the Standard Model photon through kinetic mixing, and thus can be produced in a process analogous to bremsstrahlung by an electron beam incident on a dense target. If kinematically allowed, subsequent decays into e+e- pairs can be detected by the HPS detector a compact, large acceptance spectrometer consisting of a silicon vertex tracker and lead-tungstate electromagnetic calorimeter. For large couplings, heavy photons would appear as a resonance peak in the invariant mass spectrum on top of a large QED background. For sufficiently small couplings, heavy photons are long-lived and would appear as decay vertices displaced from the target beyond a prompt QED background. In this talk, I will discuss the motivation for heavy photons and the HPS detector. I will then focus on the displaced vertex analysis and discuss the results from our engineering in 2015 (1.06 GeV beam energy), the ongoing analysis of the engineering run in 2016 (2.3 GeV beam energy), and finally the upgrades and commissioning of our most recent physics run in 2019 (4.55 GeV beam energy).

Feb 11, 2020

Callum Wilkinson (Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics) “Precision neutrino oscillation physics and DUNE “

Abstract:

Neutrino oscillations have been established as an energy and distance dependent phenomena, beyond the Standard Model of Particle Physics. However, a number of key questions remain, which have implications for our understanding of the origin and development of our Universe. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), which is currently in the planning stage, has the potential to answer these outstanding questions and make measurements of the other parameters with unprecedented precision. This talk gives an overview of the DUNE sensitivity to oscillation parameters, and describes a program of research aimed at reducing systematic uncertainties, and achieving DUNEs physics goals.

Feb 13, 2020

Ben Safdi (U. Michigan) “The Search for Axion Dark Matter

Abstract:

Dark matter is the dominant source of matter in our Universe. However, while dark matter dictates the evolution of large-scale astrophysical systems through its gravitational effects, the particle nature of dark matter is unknown. In this talk I will review the current status of the search for the particle dark matter candidate called the axion, which is both well-motivated theoretically and also relatively unexplored experimentally. I will focus specifically on new large-scale numerical simulations of axion cosmology that lead to precise predictions for (i) the axion mass that gives the correct dark matter abundance, and (ii) the structure of dark matter on small astrophysical scales. I will show that axion dark matter may be harder to detect directly in the laboratory than previously thought, given that the cosmological axions are mostly confined to compact minihalos, but that this dark matter scenario may still be detectable using radio telescope searches for axion-induced radio lines.

Feb 18, 2020

Heidi Schellman (Oregon State U) “Computing for the DUNE Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Experiment “

ABSTRACT:

The DUNE long baseline neutrino oscillation collaboration consists of over 180 institutions from 33 countries. The experiment will consist of 4 10kT fiducial volume liquid argon TPCs in South Dakota and a multi-system near detector at Fermilab. The far site in the Sanford Underground Laboratory is in preparation now with commissioning of the first 10kT fiducial volume Liquid Argon TPC expected over the period 2025-2028 and a long data taking run with 4 modules expected from 2029 and beyond.

An active prototyping program is already in place with a short test beam run with a 700T, 15,360 channel prototype of single-phase readout at the neutrino platform at CERN in late 2018 and tests of a similar sized dual-phase detector scheduled for mid-2019. The 2018 test beam run was a valuable live test of our computing model. The detector produced raw data at rates of up to ~2GB/s. These data were stored at full rate on tape at CERN and Fermilab and replicated at sites in the UK and Czech Republic. In total 1.8 PB of raw data were produced and reconstructed during the six week test beam run.

Baseline predictions for the full DUNE detector data, starting in the mid 2020s are 30-60 PB of raw data per year. In contrast to traditional HEP computational problems, DUNEs Liquid Argon TPC data consist of simple but very large (many GB) 2D data objects which share many characteristics with astrophysical images. This presents opportunities to use advances in machine learning and pattern recognition as a frontier user of High Performance Computing facilities capable of massively parallel processing.

Feb 20, 2020

Simon Knapen (IAS) “Soft signals at the LHC”

ABSTRACT:
The LHC is both a Higgs and B-factory, and for both particles it will deliver the largest data set for many decades to come. I will discuss a few examples of ways we can leverage this to search for beyond the Standard Model physics. Some ideas can be implemented now, while others rely on the phase II detector upgrades.

Feb 25, 2020

Raquel Castillo Fernandez (Fermilab) “Searching for Nu Physics with High Resolution Detectors”

Abstract:

Neutrino physics aims to answer some of the most pressing questions in particle physics: why the Universe is dominated by matter, why the neutrino mass is so small and if there are more types of neutrinos. Due to the neutrinos weakly interacting nature and the complexity of their interactions, this research requires very large detectors able to identify low energy particles. This challenge has pushed the development of new technologies, such as the liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) detectors, allowing for unprecedented precision in particle reconstruction, and to expand the scientific program searching for more rare channels are present in some theories of new physics beyond the current standard model. After briefly reviewing the basis of neutrino physics, I will introduce the main principles of the LArTPC detectors and how they can help us addressing some of the most relevant questions in particle physics. I will also describe the scientific achievements and the potential of the LArTPC neutrino program in the U.S., the current short (MicroBooNE/SBN) and the future long-baseline (DUNE) neutrino experiments.

Feb 27, 2020

Ken Van Tilburg (NYU/IAS) “The Structure of Dark Matter on Small Scales”

ABSTRACT:

Halometry—mapping out the spectrum, location, and kinematics of nonluminous structures inside the Galactic halo—can be realized via effects that variable weak gravitational lensing induces on the proper motions of stars and other luminous background sources. Modern astrometric surveys provide unprecedented positional precision along with a leap in the number of cataloged objects. Astrometry thus offers a new and sensitive probe of collapsed dark matter structures over a wide mass range, from one millionth to several million solar masses. It opens up a window into the spectrum of primordial density fluctuations with very small comoving wavenumbers, scales hitherto poorly constrained.

I will outline a program of detection strategies for dark matter substructure based on time-domain weak gravitational lensing, after summarizing existing techniques and constraints. I will present first results from analyses based on Gaia’s second data release. Finally, I will show that minimal models of axion-like dark matter naturally produce dense small-scale structures which can probed by the aforementioned astrometric lensing techniques.

Mar 02, 2020

David Caratelli (Fermilab) “Neutrinos at Short Baselines: the MicroBooNE Experiment”

Abstract:

While neutrino oscillation physics has entered an era of precision measurements, several anomalies in experiments at short baselines remain without a satisfactory answer.

The MicroBooNE experiment has been recording neutrino interactions on Fermilabs Booster Neutrino Beam since 2015 employing a liquid argon TPC detector. This talk will present recent progress on MicroBooNEs measurement of electron neutrinos aimed at addressing past anomalies observed by the MiniBooNE collaboration.

Finally, I will talk about how developments in the ability to use liquid argon TPC detectors in the sub-GeV regime can open new opportunities in neutrino and rare-event physics with Fermilabs upcoming short- and long-baseline neutrino programs.

Mar 03, 2020

Richard Bonventre (LBNL) “Searching for Muon to Electron Conversion: The Mu2e Experiment at Fermilab”

Abstract:

The Mu2e experiment will search for the charged lepton flavor violating (CLFV) neutrino-less conversion of a negative muon into an electron in the field of a nucleus, reaching a 90% C.L. limit of 8×10^-17 on the conversion rate. This sensitivity is a four-orders of magnitude improvement over previous experiments, and allows Mu2e to probe new physics at mass scales up to 10^4 TeV, far beyond the direct reach of colliders. Mu2e is currently under construction at Fermilab, and expects to begin data taking in 2023. In this talk I will present the current status of the experiment. I will also discuss the development of Mu2e detector simulations as well as the results and impact of prototype data analyses.

Mar 05, 2020

Tom Melia (Kavli IPMU – Japan) ‘CMB-ing’ the Search for New Physics at Colliders”

Abstract:

The effect of dark matter and dark energy in the universe can be inferred through measurements of anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The quantum effect of new physics on collisions at the Large Hadron Collider can be similarly inferred through measurements of what could be considered anisotropies in standard model processes. But how precise can one make the analogy? For example, does it make sense to talk of a power spectrum of the standard model? In this talk I will show how to construct just such a power spectrum, via a solution to a long-standing problem in effective field theory, and a hidden geometry in Fermis Golden Rule.

Mar 10, 2020

Keisuke Harigaya (IAS) Physics beyond the standard model from Higgs Parity

Abstract:

The discovery of the Higgs boson has revealed that the quartic Higgs self-coupling becomes small at very high energy scales. Guided by this observation, I introduce Higgs Parity, which is a spontaneously broken symmetry exchanging the standard model Higgs with its parity partner. In addition to explaining the small Higgs quartic coupling, Higgs Parity can provide a dark matter candidate, solve the strong CP problem, and arise from an SO(10) grand unified gauge symmetry. I will show that the Higgs Parity symmetry breaking scale is determined by standard model parameters and predicts experimental signals such as the dark matter direct detection rate and the proton decay rate. As a result, Higgs Parity provides a tight correlation between future precision measurements of standard model parameters and these experimental signals

Mar 12, 2020

Ka Vang Tsang (SLAC) “Imaging Neutrinos: Machine Learning in LArTPC”

Abstract:

Ever since the discovery, neutrinos have proven to be one of the most intriguing subatomic particles. In the past two decades, we have made tremendous progress in the establishment of the neutrino oscillation phenomenon. We are now able to reveal the nature using neutrinos, such as CP violation in the lepton sector, the neutrino mass hierarchy, and the possible existence of the sterile neutrinos.

Liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) is a novel technology for neutrino detection because of its excellent imaging capability of charged particles. However, it is challenging to reconstruct and analyze LArTPC events efficiently in large scale detectors. In this talk, I will review some revolutionary ideas in machine learning, and demonstrate the use of these techniques to tackle the challenge in LArTPC event reconstruction.

Mar 17, 2020

Daniel Ruterbories (Rochester U) “Electroweak Probes of the Nucleus and the Era of Precision Neutrino Physics”

ABSTRACT:

Neutrino oscillation experiments such as NOvA and T2K search for the disappearance and appearance of muon and electron flavor neutrinos in a predominately muon-type beam. These experiments are currently measuring the oscillation parameters to greater precision but will not be able to measure the CP phase with enough significance to pin down CP violation in the lepton sector. The next generation of experiments, DUNE and Hyper-Kamiokande, will push the field into its precision era, requiring precise predictions of the flux and neutrino interactions used to measure CP violation.

The MINERvA experiment is a dedicated neutrino interaction experiment set in the NuMI beamline at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. The purpose of the experiment is to measure neutrino interactions off a variety of nuclear targets to probe nuclear effects and inform modeling of neutrino interactions. The experiment measures interactions over a wide range of Q2 and W kinematics. These including interactions in the quasi-elastic, resonant, and shallow to deep inelastic scattering regions. The experiment has run with two beam energies peaked at ~3 and 6 GeV in both neutrino and anti-neutrino enhanced modes.

In this seminar, I will describe the current state of neutrino-nucleus interaction physics and how MINERvA data will inform future experiments. Specifically, I will describe the extensive tuning exercise MINERvA has done to describe interactions in the quasi-elastic into the resonant pion regions of kinematic phase space. I will also discuss lessons learned and describe some of the next generation measurements necessary to prepare for the DUNE experiment.

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Mar 19, 2020

Masha Baryakhtar (NYU) ” New Physics Across the Spectra”

ABSTRACT:

Theories beyond the Standard Model of particle physics often predict new, light, feebly interacting particles whose discovery requires novel search strategies. A light particle, the QCD axion, elegantly solves the outstanding strong-CP problem of the Standard Model; cousins of the QCD axion can also appear, and are natural dark matter candidates. First, I will discuss my experimental proposal based on thin films, in which dark matter can efficiently convert to detectable single photons. A prototype experiment is underway, and current techniques promise to reach significant new dark matter parameter space.

Second, I will show how rotating black holes turn into axionic beacons. When an axion’s Compton wavelength is comparable to a black hole size, energy and angular momentum from the black hole source exponentially-growing bound states of particles. I will discuss new results on axion interactions, including new dynamics in the bound states, and show how black holes populate the universe with axion waves that can be detected in future laboratory searches.

Mar 24, 2020

Christopher Marshall (LBNL) “The Dawn of DUNE: Neutrino Oscillations in the Precision Era”

ABSTRACT:

Neutrino oscillation is a well-established phenomenon. Over the past two decades, nearly all of the parameters governing these oscillations have been measured experimentally, using neutrinos from the atmosphere, the sun, nuclear reactors, and particle accelerators. The remaining unknowns have very interesting consequences but are challenging to access experimentally as they require high-precision measurements. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will be sensitive to these unknowns, including whether neutrinos violate CP symmetry, which could be the key to understanding why the universe is matter-dominated. Constraining systematic uncertainties is critical for DUNE to reach its physics goals, and requires a highly-capable near detector. I will present the discovery potential of DUNE and discuss how the experiment is designed to address the many challenges of precision neutrino oscillation physics. I will give particular focus to how the near detector can mitigate large uncertainties on the neutrino flux prediction and interaction cross sections.

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Mar 26, 2020

Richard Bonventre (LBNL) “Searching for Muon to Electron Conversion: The Mu2e Experiment at Fermilab”

Abstract:

Mar 31, 2020

Adi Ashkenazi (Fermilab) “Probing V Interactions for V Physics”

Abstract:

The ability of current and next generation accelerator based neutrino oscillation measurements to reach their desired sensitivity requires a high-level of understanding of the neutrino-nucleus interactions. These include precise estimation of the relevant cross sections and the reconstruction of the incident neutrino energy from the measured final state particles. Incomplete understanding of these interactions can skew the reconstructed neutrino spectrum and thereby bias the extraction of fundamental oscillation parameters and searches for new physics. In this talk I will present the first exclusive differential cross section measurement using neutrino-Argon Quasi Elastic like interactions from the MicroBooNE experiment. In addition, using wide phase-space electron scattering data, collected using the CLAS spectrometer at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab), the reconstruction of the incoming lepton energy from the measured final state is being tested. Disagreements with current event generators, used in the analysis of neutrino oscillation measurements, are observed which indicate underestimation of nuclear effects. The impact of these findings on bias in oscillation analyses will be discussed.

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Apr 02, 2020

Lina Necib (Caltech) “Dark Matter in the Era of Gaia”

ABSTRACT:

The Gaia mission has provided distance and velocity measurements of over a billion stars in the Milky Way, making it the largest stellar catalog at hand. Simultaneously, recent developments in cosmological simulations have made it possible to track stars and dark matter in realistic Milky Way-like galaxies. In this talk, I will demonstrate how using cutting-edge simulations and Gaia data in tandem has enabled me to start building the first local map of the cold dark matter phase space distribution in our Galaxy. Doing so led me to discover Nyx, a stream of stars in the solar neighborhood that I identified using machine learning methods. Nyx, potentially the result of a prograde merger, is crucial in understanding the formation of the disk of the Milky Way as it might have been associated with an accreted dark disk. Finally, I will summarize how future surveys will help fully map out the phase space distribution of dark matter in the Milky Way, and show that such an empirical map will have extensive ramifications for dark matter searches.

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Apr 09, 2020

Rodrigo Alonso (Durham U) “Geometry for Higgs Dynamics and Effective Field Theory”

Abstract:

The three Nambu-Goldstone bosons in the longitudinal modes of the W and Z together with the Higgs boson span a 4-dimensional manifold. The geometry of this manifold, invariant under field re-parametrization, encodes the scalar dynamics which are vastly unexplored at present. The small but finite curvature limit recovers the Standard Model and corrections in its effective field theory. First order corrections in this framework encode widely different physics and serve to test and constrast the different facets of the SM and their correlation.

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Apr 23, 2020

Seljak, Modi, Boehm (RPM)

Uros Seljak, Chirag Modi, Vanessa Boehm (LBL/Berkeley)

How deadly is COVID-19? A time series analysis of Italy mortality data

Abstract:

A counterfactual analysis of 2020 mortality data reported from towns in Italy, with data from the previous five years as control, reveals a large excess of deaths in March 2020. The analysis shows a good agreement with reported COVID-19 mortality for age<70 years, but an excess in total mortality increasing with age above 70 years, suggesting there is a large population of predominantly old people missing from the official fatality statistics. We estimate that the number of COVID-19 deaths in Italy is 52,000 $\pm$ 2000 as of April 18 2020, more than a factor of 2 higher than the official number. We determine infection fatality rate (IFR) lower bound of 0.84% for Lombardia and infection rate of 23% for Lombardia, a factor of 35 above the number of positive tests. The infection rate for Bergamo province is 63%, suggesting herd immunity has been reached there. The analysis can help predict corresponding numbers in USA: we predict 0.5% lower bound on IFR for NYC and Santa Clara county. We observe that the COVID-19 mortality tracks closely the overall mortality of the underlying population, explaining why we see so many more deaths below age of 65 as a fraction of total in NYC relative to Italy.

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Apr 30, 2020

RPM – Physics Division | Ben Nachman (LBNL) “Gearing up for the 2021 APS DPF Community Planning Process (aka Snowmass)” https://lbnl.zoom.us/j/95017728528

Abstract:

The American Physical Societys Division of Particles and Fields is gearing up for its next community planning process (for historical reasons, called Snowmass). This process will occur over the next year and culminate in a 10 year plan (with a 20 year vision) for the future. It is critical for us to provide input to this process, which will ultimately inform the funding agencies about our community’s priorities for the future. In this talk, I will briefly introduce the various frontiers of the 2021 Snowmass process and will then mostly focus on the Computational Frontier and its connection to the other frontiers. In particular, this is an interesting time for computation with significant big data tools and infrastructure being developed by the broader scientific and industrial communities and with the advent of new (not part of the last Snowmass!) technologies like deep learning and quantum computing.

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May 07, 2020

HongTao Yany (LBNL) “TBA”

May 07, 2020

Hongtao Yang (TBD)

May 12, 2020

Ben Nachman (LBNL) “Modeling final state radiation on a quantum computer”

Abstract:
Particles produced in high energy collisions that are charged under one of the fundamental forces will radiate proportionally to their charge, such as photon radiation from electrons in quantum electrodynamics. At sufficiently high energies, this radiation pattern is enhanced collinear to the initiating particle, resulting in a complex, many-body quantum system. Classical Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation approaches work well to capture many of the salient features of the shower of radiation, but cannot capture all quantum effects. I will show how quantum algorithms are well-suited for describing the quantum properties of final state radiation. In particular, I will describe a polynomial time quantum final state shower that accurately models the effects of intermediate spin states similar to those present in high energy electroweak showers. The algorithm is explicitly demonstrated for a simplified quantum field theory on a quantum computer. One of the greatest challenges for current quantum computers is their significant noise. I will present new techniques for mitigating both readout noise and gate error noise. Readout errors are equivalent to detector effects in high energy physics (HEP) and I will show how building a bridge between fields can improve quantum computing in general, not only for HEP. For gate error mitigation, I have proposed a new technique that can achieve a better precision than existing methods with a significantly reduced quantum complexity. Finally, I will discuss future directions at the interface between quantum computing and high energy physics. See 1901.08148, 1904.03196, 1910.00129, and 2003.04941 for details.

http://physics.lbl.gov/rpm/index.php/events/

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May 14, 2020

Hitoshi Murayama (LBNL/UCB)”International Linear Collider”

ABSTRACT:

Having discovered the Higgs boson without obvious new particles at the Large Hadron Collider, precision study of the Higgs boson at a Higgs factory is the obvious strategy at the energy frontier. I will review basic motivation and various options for the Higgs factory, and discuss ILC in this context. I will also discuss some recent political developments.

May 19, 2020

Alexander Stibor (LBNL) “QIS with Coherent Electrons: Quantum Sensors, Superconducting Emitters, Signal Transmission and Decoherence Studies”

Abstract:

Creating, manipulating and detecting coherent, entangled quantum states and isolating quantum systems from decoherence is at the heart of future quantum information science technologies. With the rise of novel instruments in quantum electronics, the coherent emission and control of free electron beams become relevant in various fields of physics. In this presentation, I will give an overview of the research performed in Tuebingen (Germany) and at the LBL Molecular Foundry where we are currently realizing the QUINTESSENCE QIS project. The aim is to use the matter-waves of electrons, superconductivity and correlation detection to develop novel quantum techniques and applications in sensor technology, electron microscopy and signal transmission. Such experiments are demonstrated with a biprism electron interferometer. We realized a correlation sensor for electromagnetic and vibrational perturbations and a secure signal transmission method by matter-wave modulation. Furthermore, I will present a characterization setup for a superconducting niobium nano-tip field emitter. This beam source has the potential to emit entangled electron pairs that open up new modes in quantum information, quantum metrology and electron spectroscopy. To achieve long coherence times in future quantum instrumentation, a basic understanding of decoherence, being the transition from a quantum to a classical state, is crucial. We studied experimentally the Coulomb-induced decoherence of electrons in a superposition state and were able to rule out three of four current theoretical approaches in the literature. It allows the development of novel non-invasive techniques for quantum electron microscopy.http://physics.lbl.gov/rpm/index.php/events/

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May 21, 2020

Alex Kim (LBNL)”Opportunities for Peculiar Velocity Surveys Using DESI, ZTF-II, and the Vera C. Rubin Observatory”

ABSTRACT:

The motions of galaxies on top of the Hubble expansion, peculiar velocities, are a probe of clustering and the growth of structure in the Universe. For distance indicators, peculiar velocities manifest themselves as residuals on the Hubble diagram. Ongoing and upcoming wide-field surveys measuring unprecedented numbers of distance indicators, together with improvements in the calibration of Type Ia supernova brightnesses, will provide exquisite precision in the mapping of the peculiar velocity field or more precisely the peculiar distance field. LBL is well positioned to make distance measurements of sources from DESI, the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), ZTF-II, and the Rubin Observatory in order to produce compelling constraints on the laws of gravity responsible for the growth of structure.

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May 26, 2020

Daniel Carney (U. Maryland) “Fundamental Physics at the Quantum Limits of Measurement

Abstract:

40 years ago, Caves, Thorne, and their collaborators asked the question: what are the fundamental quantum limits on the measurement of a small position displacement? The answers to these conceptual questions led to the first direct detection of a gravitational wave by LIGO in 2016. I will review these types of quantum limits and discuss their application to particle physics. In particular, I will present some new dark matter detection ideas which leverage quantum sensing and control of massive opto-mechanical systems. Current experiments with these devices are already capable of ruling out some exotic dark matter candidates, and I will focus on these and their next-generation extensions. I will also present some much longer-term applications: a scheme for direct detection of heavy dark matter purely through gravity, and tabletop experiments testing the quantum nature of gravity.

http://physics.lbl.gov/rpm/index.php/events/

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Jun 04, 2020

Rakshya Khatiwada (Fermilab) “Hunting for Dark matter using quantum devices and sensors”

Rakshya Khatiwada (Fermilab)

“Hunting for Dark matter using quantum devices and sensors”

Abstract:

Very few mysteries in our current picture of the universe are bigger than the puzzle of dark matter. Recently the QCD axion — a weakly interacting, sub-eV particle — has been in the limelight as a cold dark matter candidate which also enjoys compelling theoretical motivation as a possible solution to the strong CP problem. This talk will give an overview of modern axion searches with a detailed discussion of the role of quantum devices and technology in the most sensitive axion experiment to date. Furthermore, it will discuss promising novel methods of axion searches using quantum sensors as single photon counters that could make possible the investigation of axions in previously uncharted mass ranges.

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Jun 11, 2020

Stephen Gourlay (LBNL) “Snowmass 2021: Survey of Potential Collider Options”

ABSTRACT:

We are now approximately 3 months into the next Snowmass process and a plethora of ideas is starting to surface. Technical maturity of the proposed facilities ranges from shovel ready to those that are still largely conceptual. Developments in accelerator technology since the last Snowmass could increase the number of feasible ideas for P5 to consider. This talk will give a brief summary of some of the collider options; current status, technical readiness level and challenges, that we expect to see coming out of the current planning process.

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Jun 25, 2020

Beate Heinemann (DESY) “European Strategy for Particle Physics Update 2020”

Abstract:

I will present the updated European strategy for particle physics which was announced by the CERN Council in June. The strategy was developed in a process that spanned two years and engaged both the European and the international community of particle physics, as well as related scientific disciplines. The highest-priority physics recommendations are the study of the Higgs boson and the exploration of the high-energy frontier: two crucial and complementary ways to address the open questions in particle physics. Questions related to the dark universe, flavor and other puzzles of the Standard Model are also discussed. Finally, technological and societal challenges and opportunities are also highlighted.

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Jul 09, 2020

Kyle Dawson (U. Utah) “The Completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Cosmological Implications from two Decades of Spectroscopic Surveys at the Apache Point observatory”

Abstract:

The Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) concluded observations of the cosmic distance scale and the growth of structure in February, 2019. The three dimensional clustering in all samples from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) was used to make 15 distinct, high precision measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) to an effective redshift z<2.4 and six measurements of redshift space distortions (RSD) to z<1.5. With this redshift coverage and sensitivity, the SDSS experiment is unparalleled in its ability to explore models of dark energy. Using available cosmological samples, we provide new constraints on the cosmological model with an emphasis on the role of the final BAO and RSD clustering measurements in advancing the cosmological model. In this talk, I will give a brief overview of the BAO and RSD measurements and present the highlights of the advances in modeling dark energy, the local expansion rate, tests of general relativity, neutrino masses, and the overall cosmological model.

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Jul 16, 2020

Zara Bagdasarian (UCB) “Solar Neutrinos with Borexino: First Evidence of CNO Fusion Cycle”

Abstract:
The prime energy producer in the sun is the fusion of hydrogen to form
helium. However, there is more than one way for this fusion to take
place: for stars the size of the sun or smaller, the proton-proton (pp)
chain reactions dominate (~99%), while in heavier stars, the
carbon-nitrogen-oxygen (CNO) cycle is expected to play a more important
role. Not only these fusion reactions would not have been possible
without the emission of neutrinos, neutrinos are the only way to
directly access the processes in the core of the sun.

Borexino experiment, located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso,
was built with a primary goal of the Be7 solar neutrinos (part of pp
chain) detection. In more than a decade of data taking, Borexino has not
only demonstrated the unprecedentedly high sensitivity towards Be7 solar
neutrinos (<3%) but performed a comprehensive study of low-energy
neutrinos from the complete pp-chain. After a number of developments in
both hardware and software, Borexino presents the first experimental
evidence of the up-to-now elusive CNO fusion cycle in the Sun. The
absence of the CNO neutrinos signal is disfavoured by the Borexino
experiment at 5?.

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Jul 17, 2020

JOINT INPA/RPM Seminar | Michelle Galloway (University of Zurich) “Observation of excess electronic recoil events in XENON1T”

Abstract:

A search for new physics with XENON1T revealed an excess of electronic recoil events in the (1 7) keV region, favoring signal over background with significances of 3.5 sigma for solar axions/ALPs, 3.2 sigma for an enhanced neutrino magnetic moment, and 3.0 sigma global (4.0 local) for bosonic dark matter with a peak at 2.3 +- 0.2 keV (68% C.L.). Additionally, a previously undetected tritium component, favoured at 3.2 sigma over known backgrounds, can neither be confirmed nor excluded. I will provide an overview of the XENON1T detection and analysis methods for this search, a characterization of the excess events, and present results for both possible backgrounds and potential new physics.

https://lbnl.zoom.us/j/98002426771?pwd=R3dtTFhmb0ZyR0ZHV1E5amZCcnFBZz09

Meeting ID: 980 0242 6771
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Jul 21, 2020

Josh McFayden (LBNL) “Unravelling LEP-Era Lepton Flavour Universality Discrepancy with ATLAS”

Abstract:

A remarkable feature of the Standard Model (SM) is that each lepton flavour (electron, muon, tau) is equally likely to interact with a W boson. This is known as Lepton Flavour Universality.

In a recent ATLAS measurement, a novel technique using events with top-quark pairs has been exploited to test the ratio of the probabilities for tau leptons and muons to be produced in W boson decays, R(?/?).

In the SM, R(?/?) is expected to be unity, but a longstanding tension with this prediction has existed since the LEP era, where, from a combination of experiments, R(?/?) was measured to be 2.7? higher than the SM expectation.

If the LEP result were confirmed to O(1%) precision it would correspond to an unambiguous discovery of beyond the SM physics. This latest ATLAS measurement obtains this level a precision – please join the RPM to discover whether or not it agrees with LEP!

http://physics.lbl.gov/rpm/index.php/events/

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Sep 10, 2020

Yacine Ali-Haimoud (NYU) “Hunting for Dark Matter in the Early Universe”

ABSTRACT:

It is now well established that the dominant part of non-relativistic matter in the Universe is some substance which appears to be oblivious to any force but gravity. The nature of this dark matter remains a nagging puzzle, and several candidates remain in the running. For instance, dark matter might be a new particle, as light as an electron, which might weakly interact with standard particles. Or it could be partly made of primordial black holes as massive as many Suns, born in the very early Universe from the gravitational collapse of enhanced primordial fluctuations. In this talk, I will describe how one can try and tease out some of the properties of dark matter from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), both through its frequency spectrum, and its angular fluctuations. After reviewing the basic physics underlying the CMB, I will highlight how it can constrain interacting particles and primordial black holes. If time allows, I will discuss what LIGO may be able to tell us about primordial-black holes.

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Sep 24, 2020

Vivian Miranda (U. Arizona) “The Connected Universe: Relating Early, Intermediate and Late Universe with cosmological data”

Abstract:

The standard model of cosmology is built upon on a series of propositions on how the early, intermediate, and late epochs of the Universe behave. In particular, it predicts that dark energy and dark matter currently pervades the cosmos. Understanding the properties of the dark sector is plausibly the biggest challenge in theoretical physics. There is, however, a broad assumption in cosmology that the Universe on its earlier stages is fully understood and that discrepancies between the standard model of cosmology and current data are suggestive of distinct dark energy properties. Uncertainties on this hypothesis’s validity are not usually taken into account when forecasting survey capabilities, even though our investigations might be obfuscated if the intermediate and early Universe did behave abnormally. In this colloquium, I propose a program to investigate dark energy and earlier aspects of our Universe simultaneously, through space missions in the 2020s in combination with ground-based observatories. This program will help guide the strategy for the future Rubin and Roman supernovae and weak lensing surveys. My investigations on how properties of the early and intermediate Universe affect inferences on dark energy (and vice-versa) will also support community understanding of how future missions can be employed to test some of the core hypotheses of the standard model of cosmology.

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Oct 01, 2020

Nan Lu (Caltech) “Evidence for Higgs Boson Decay to a Pair of Muons from the CMS Experiment “

Abstract:

This seminar presents the search for the rare Higgs boson decay to a pair of muons performed by the CMS experiment at the LHC, based on the full Run 2 dataset. Events are categorized based on the characteristics of major Higgs boson production mechanisms and are analyzed using machine learning techniques, which significantly boosts the sensitivity of the search. A 3.0? excess is observed in data, constituting the first evidence for the Higgs boson coupling to muons.

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Oct 15, 2020

Andrej Obuljen (Waterloo) “Anisotropic Assembly Bias in Theory, Simulations and BOSS Data”

ABSTRACT
Clustering of matter on large scales provides an important source of information on key cosmological parameters. To extract this information we need to understand the relation between the tracers we observe and the underlying matter field. The clustering strength of halos and galaxies on large scales is linearly biased compared to the matter clustering. This linear bias mainly depends on halo mass and redshifts, though selections based on other scalar halo properties (age, spin, concentration etc.) show additional bias dependences called assembly bias. Furthermore, non-scalar halo properties: shapes, velocity dispersion and angular momentum, are correlated with the large-scale tidal field. Selection effects that couple to these non-scalar halo properties can produce anisotropic clustering even in real-space and act as a contaminant to redshift-space distortion measurements, through an anisotropic assembly bias (AB). I will discuss our recent results on studying the halo AB using a large number of numerical simulations. Then I will present the first detection of the galaxy anisotropic assembly bias in BOSS DR12 galaxies. Finally, I will show other consequences and future prospects.

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Oct 22, 2020

Simone Pagan-Griso (LBNL) “The Future of the Energy Frontier: Highlights from the Snowmass 2021 Process”

Abstract:

The Snowmass process is an opportunity for the entire HEP community to come together to identify and document a vision for the future of particle physics in the U.S. and its international partners. The Snowmass 2021 process is currently ongoing and scheduled to deliver a report in the fall of 2021. The work is divided in many areas (frontiers), spanning collider-based physics, neutrino physics, and cosmology, but including dedicated theory and instrumentation areas as well.
In this seminar, I will focus on highlighting some of the ideas and plans that have been forming in the area of the energy frontier, with particular focus on prospects for direct searches of Beyond-Standard-Model physics; I will also discuss some synergies with other areas, when relevant.

Oct 27, 2020

Hannsjörg Weber (FNAL) “Triple Threat: The Observation of Tribosons “

Hannsjörg Weber

Triple Threat: The observation of tribosons

Abstract:

We present the search for heavy triboson production, specifically targeting the production of WWW, WWZ, WZZ and ZZZ processes in multileptonic final states with 137/fb of data collected by the CMS detector during Run II of the LHC at a center-of-mass energy 13 TeV. The search is performed in final states with three, four, five, and six leptons (electrons or muons), or with two same-charge leptons plus two jets.

During this seminar, the physics behind the triboson process will be motivated, including a discussion on the difficulties to experimentally measure it. Then, the analysis strategy aimed to observe tribosons will be shown and the results will be presented. At the end, an outlook on future triboson studies and extensions towards probing the standard model and potential new physics will be given.

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Oct 29, 2020

Donatella Lucchesi (INFN) “”Muon Collider: A Window to the Future””

Abstract:

Muon colliders represent a highly attractive option for future collider thanks to the possibility to reach very high center of mass energy, high luminosity with reasonable costs and dimensions. Nevertheless, the feasibility is not yet fully demonstrated and presents several challenges: muon beams production and operations from the machine side and beam-induced background mitigation on the detector part. Several progress have been achieved in the last years allowing to re-open the muon collider case. The detailed study of the beam-induced background has demonstrated that even the most challenging events like those involving b-jets can be efficiently reconstructed. This has triggered the study of several Higgs related processes in particular the double and triple Higgs production with sufficient precision to fully determine the Higgs potential. In the seminar a brief description of the machine will be followed by a discussion on the performance on detector and Higgs reconstruction.

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Nov 05, 2020

Jesse Thaler (MIT) “The Hidden Geometry of Particle Collisions”

ABSTRACT:

In this talk, I explain how various concepts and techniques in quantum field theory and collider physics can be naturally translated into a new geometric language. Using the energy mover’s distance, which quantifies the minimal amount of “work” required to rearrange one event into another, we can define a distance between pairs of collider events. This distance can then be used to triangulate the “space” of collider events and rigorously define various geometric objects. Many well-known collider observables, jet algorithms, and pileup mitigation schemes have a simple geometric interpretation, as does the important concept of infrared and collinear safety. Intriguingly, these ideas can be lifted from a distance between events into a distance between theories, with potential relevance for visualizing and interpreting data from the LHC.

http://physics.lbl.gov/rpm/index.php/events/

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Dec 03, 2020

Matt Klein (Michigan) “Search for Higgs boson decays to bottom quarks in the vector boson fusion production mode”

ABSTRACT:
The Higgs boson is expected to decay to bb approximately 58% of the time. Despite the large branching fraction, due to the large background from SM events with b-jets, measuring this decay has been less precise than other, less frequent, decays. Measuring H(bb) in the VBF production mode has historically been insensitive, but developments in the background estimates and discrimination, as well as improvements in the signal extraction techniques, have resulted in an observed (expected) significance of 3.0 (3.0) standard deviations from the background-only hypothesis using the LHC Run 2 dataset.

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Dec 08, 2020

Zhicai Zhang (CalTech) “Search for Long-Lived Particles with Precision Timing Detectors”

Abstract:
Searching for new physics beyond the standard model (BSM) has been one of the main goals of the LHC. With no new physics found in many SUSY and Exotica searches for prompt BSM particles from the LHC data, I will present a new BSM search approach that is looking for new particles with a long lifetime. The search is looking for SUSY long-lived particles that decay to photons, with the final state photon being time-delayed compared to prompt photon background. The search relies on the precise measurement of the photon arrival time at the calorimeter, and I will present the study of the timing performance of current CMS ECAL, and also developments of future precision timing detectors to be installed for CMS Phase 2 upgrade as well as precision timing detectors for future experiments.
http://physics.lbl.gov/rpm/index.php/events/

If you are looking to confirm if there is an event, due to room reservation, please go to RPM website for a list of all scheduled talks.

Dec 15, 2020

Aniruddha Bapat (University of Maryland, College Park) “Variational Quantum Optimization in the NISQ Era”

ABSTRACT:

Quantum information science in the coming decade will likely be carried out on noisy devices consisting of ~100-1000 qubits that do not share full interconnectivity. In this so-called NISQ regime, variational quantum algorithms, which tackle a wide range of problems from areas such as combinatorial optimization, quantum chemistry, and high-energy physics, provide a path to practical quantum advantage. In this talk, I will present some of our recent work that explores the theory behind variational algorithms such as quantum annealing and quantum approximate approximation algorithm (QAOA) using tools from optimal control theory. Then, I will discuss our work on finding the ground state of a critical Ising model on a trapped-ion quantum simulator, and the underlying optimization strategy. Finally, I will mention applications of our ideas and upcoming work.

http://physics.lbl.gov/rpm/index.php/events/

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Dec 17, 2020

Michael Kreshchuk (Tuft University) “Quantum simulation of relativistic field theories in the front form”

Abstract:

I will talk about quantum simulation algorithms based on the light-front formulation of quantum field theory. They will range from
ab initio simulations with nearly optimal resource scalings to VQE-inspired methods available for existing devices.My work is greatly inspired by the analogy, first noted by Kenneth Wilson, between the light-front formulation of QFT and quantum
chemistry. The approach I develop to simulating field theory is an alternative to lattice techniques; it allows one to use methods
developed for quantum simulation of quantum chemistry.

http://physics.lbl.gov/rpm/index.php/events/

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